Recently in The Brain Category

"That traditional view of morality is beginning to show signs of wear and tear. The fact that human morality is different from animal morality -- and perhaps more highly developed in some respects -- simply does not support the broader claim that animals lack morality; it merely supports the rather banal claim that human beings are different from other animals...Unique human adaptations might be understood as the outer skins of an onion; the inner layers represent a much broader, deeper, and evolutionarily more ancient set of moral capacities shared by many social mammals, and perhaps by other animals and birds as well."

In The Chronicle of Higher Education, bioethicist Jessica Pierce and biologist Marc Bekoff suggest what apparently agreed-upon rules of canid play teach us about animal morality. (via FmH.) "Although play is fun, it's also serious business. When animals play, they are constantly working to understand and follow the rules and to communicate their intentions to play fairly."

"The narrative is simple: Insurance company plans have failed to care for our people. They profit from denying care. Americans care about one another. An American plan is both the moral and practical alternative to provide care for our people."

Cognitive scientist George Lakoff discusses how the administration should best promote health reform (and the American Plan, nee "public option"), and offers a choice critique of "policy speak" -- the old progressive standby of "enlightening public opinion" -- that would make Walter Lippmann very happy: "To many liberals, Policy Speak sounds like the high road: a rational, public discussion in the best tradition of liberal democracy. Convince the populace rationally on the objective policy merits. Give the facts and figures. Assume self-interest as the motivator of rational choice. Convince people by the logic of the policymakers that the policy is in their interest. But to a cognitive scientist or neuroscientist, this sounds nuts. The view of human reason and language behind Policy Speak is just false. "

Lakoff aside, the good folks at Media Matters have compiled a useful list of "Myths and Falsehoods about Health Care Reform," and how best to refute them. And, next time somebody starts ranting at you about how Big Guv'mint never does anything right, send 'em here with a smile.

"Likewise, conservatives are more likely than liberals to sense contamination or perceive disgust. People who would be disgusted to find that they had accidentally sipped from an acquaintance's drink are more likely to identify as conservatives." The NYT's Nicholas Kristof examines the hardwired psychological differences between liberals and conservatives. "The larger point is that liberals and conservatives often form judgments through flash intuitions that aren't a result of a deliberative process. The crucial part of the brain for these judgments is the medial prefrontal cortex, which has more to do with moralizing than with rationality ...For liberals, morality derives mostly from fairness and prevention of harm. For conservatives, morality also involves upholding authority and loyalty -- and revulsion at disgust."

"Over the last several years, the problem of attention has migrated right into the center of our cultural attention. We hunt it in neurology labs, lament its decline on op-ed pages, fetishize it in grassroots quality-of-life movements, diagnose its absence in more and more of our children every year, cultivate it in yoga class twice a week, harness it as the engine of self-help empires, and pump it up to superhuman levels with drugs originally intended to treat Alzheimer's and narcolepsy...We are, in short, terminally distracted. And distracted, the alarmists will remind you, was once a synonym for insane."

Or, as Matt Johnson put it 25 years ago, I've been filled with useless information, spewed out by papers and radio stations...Another year older and what have i done? All my aspirations have shriveled in the sun. And don't get me started on blogs, e-mails, youtubes, and tweets. In a New York Magazine cover story, Sam Anderson runs the gamut from Buddhism to Lifehacking to ascertain whether technology has really propelled us into a "crisis of attention". (By way of Dangerous Meta, a blog that's invariably worth the distraction.) And his conclusion? Maybe, but thems the breaks, folks. There's no going back at this point. "This is what the web-threatened punditry often fails to recognize: Focus is a paradox -- it has distraction built into it. The two are symbiotic; they're the systole and diastole of consciousness...The truly wise will harness, rather than abandon, the power of distraction."

Which just goes to show, the real key to harnessing distraction is...wait, hold on a tic, gotta get back to you. There's a new funny hamster vid on Youtube.

@JohnnyCash: Hello from Reno. Shot man...just to watch him die, actually. Weird, I know.
@ACamus: Beach lovely this time of year. Also, killed Arab. Oops.

Or something like that. Apparently, a new study suggests that -- uh, oh -- using Twitter may stunt one's moral development. "A study suggests rapid-fire news updates and instant social interaction are too fast for the 'moral compass' of the brain to process. The danger is that heavy Twitters and Facebook users could become 'indifferent to human suffering' because they never get time to reflect and fully experience emotions about other people's feelings."

Hmm. I can't say I've found Twitter to be particularly useful yet -- to be honest, it all seems rather gimmicky to me, I worry about its Idiocracy-like implications. (Why 140 characters? Why not 10?), and, frankly, I often find that neither my life nor anyone else's (nor, for that matter, that of anyone's else's adorable little children) is all that fascinating from moment to moment. ("Got up. Tired. It's raining. Maybe I'll eat some Grape Nuts.") But I don't think I can pin any personal reservoir of misanthropy on it either. (For that, I blame FOX News.)

"'This is the part of the brain involved in knowing that you want something,' she said. 'When people who are not adjusting well are having these sorts of thoughts about the person, they are experiencing this reward pathway being activated. They really are craving in a way that perhaps is not allowing them or helping them adapt to the new reality.'" It's darker than you know in those complicated shadows...A new study finds that unrelenting grief works on the brain differently than the usual kind of post-traumatic depression. "The same brain system is involved in other powerful cravings, such those that afflict drug addicts and alcoholics...It's like they're addicted to the happy memories."

"We appear to be bringing the worst affected parts of the brain functionally back to life." Is Alzheimer's disease about to go the way of polio? A new drug known as rember, according to scientists in England, seems to halt and even roll back the symptoms of Alzheimer's. "We have demonstrated for the first time that it may be possible to arrest progression of the disease by targeting the tangles that are highly correlated with the disease. This is the most significant development in the treatment of the tangles since Alois Alzheimer discovered them in 1907."

Ok, this one's a bit creepy. By way of Webgoddess, watch the rotating dancer to ascertain whether you're left-brained or right-brained. I'm pretty right-brained, it seems (which makes sense, since I'm both left-handed and left-footed). But, if I changed tasks while the dancer was on -- say went to click another window or focused on the list at left, she'd sometimes switch direction. Weird...well, I just hope my right-brain knows what my left-brain is doing.

Is political conflict bred in the bone (or, put less charitably, do some among us just have an easier time with higher-order thinking)? A new joint NYU-UCLA neurobiological study finds once again that left- and right-leaning brains function differently, with liberal minds more receptive to change than their conservative counterparts. "Dozens of previous studies have established a strong link between political persuasion and certain personality traits. Conservatives tend to crave order and structure in their lives, and are more consistent in the way they make decisions. Liberals, by contrast, show a higher tolerance for ambiguity and complexity, and adapt more easily to unexpected circumstances...[In this case] respondents who had described themselves as liberals showed 'significantly greater conflict-related neural activity' when the hypothetical situation called for an unscheduled break in routine. Conservatives, however, were less flexible, refusing to deviate from old habits 'despite signals that this...should be changed.'"

Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind! Each pray'r accepted, and each wish resign'd. Life imitates art as researchers hone in on drugs that will potentially erase traumatic memories. "'This is all very preliminary,' said Dr. Roger Pitman, a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist. 'We're just getting started. There is some promising preliminary data but no conclusions.'"

Love is a stranger in an open car...or is it just a much-needed dopamine fix? Somebody writes this story every Valentine's Day. Still, I guess it's something to keep in mind. (And sorry, Berk, you may be my Valentine again this year, but the same type of deconstruction applies to you. No hard feelings, bud.)

"'People are born to dance,' Ebstein told Discovery News. 'They have (other) genes that partially contribute to musical talent, such as coordination, sense of rhythm. However, the genes we studied are more related to the emotional side of dancing -- the need and ability to communicate with other people and a spiritual side to their natures that not only enable them to feel the music, but to communicate that feeling to others via dance." Looks like the Red Shoes are just a placebo -- According to recent research at Hebrew University's Scheinfeld Center for Genetic Studies, some people are just hardwired to dance. Now if only they could figure out why some people start conga lines or insist on breaking into the Electric Slide. (Via Dangerous Meta.)