He has refused his assent to laws.

"It appears unlikely that a court would hold that Congress has expressly or impliedly authorized the NSA electronic surveillance operations here,' the authors of the CRS report wrote. The administration's legal justification 'does not seem to be...well-grounded.'" A 44-page nonpartisan report by the Congressional Research Service finds Dubya's dubious reliance on presidential prerogative to explain away the NSA wiretaps doesn't hold up.